Raster Calculations

Last updated on 2024-03-12 | Edit this page

Estimated time: 60 minutes

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Overview

Questions

  • How do I do math on rasters and extract pixel values for defined locations?

Objectives

  • Perform a math with different raster layers.
  • Perform more math using the raster lapp() function.
  • Export raster data as a GeoTIFF file.

Things You’ll Need To Complete This Episode

See the lesson homepage for detailed information about the software, data, and other prerequisites you will need to work through the examples in this episode.

You will also need some new data that you should unzip and put into the data/landsat_casco folder.

We often want to combine values of and perform calculations on rasters to create a new output raster. This episode covers how to subtract one raster from another using basic raster math and the lapp() function. It also covers how to extract pixel values from a set of locations - for example a buffer region around plot locations at a field site.

Raster Calculations in R


We often want to perform calculations on two or more rasters to create a new output raster. For example, if we are interested in getting the observed chlorophyll in the water, we might want to use different Landsat layers to calculate an observed value based on published equations. This can help us identify Suberged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV). The resulting data set might show us where seagrass or other vegetation exists. There are two method for this we will use today from Zhang 2023 and O’Reilly and Werdell in 2019. The first is a calculation of chlorophyll based on three bands that cover different nm of the visible spectrum.

the visible spectrum in nm
the visible spectrum in nm

Recall from before that the first few bands of Landsat 8 cover the following: - Band 1 Coastal Aerosol (430 - 450 nm) 30 m - Band 2 Blue (450 - 510 nm) 30 m - Band 3 Green (530 - 590 nm) 30 m - Band 4 Red (640 - 670 nm) 30 m - Band 5 Near-Infrared (850 - 880 nm) 30 m

To calculate Chla in the water, we will use imagery from Landsat that has been algorithmically corrected for water - i.e., algorithms that don’t just correct the imagery for things in the atmosphere, but that literally try their best to correct for all of the spectral properties of what is in the water. We are going to use three bands from a Landsat scene in winter of 2023, as phytoplankton is at a low and we are more likely to see what is on the seafloor. The imagery has been corrected using ACOLITE. With the three bands, in units of Rrs - in essence water leaving irradiance / downwellign irradiance. To learn more, see here.

chl eqn
chl eqn

Where those a coefficients come from NASA Algorithms. Those three wavelengths correspond to the coastal band, the green band, and the blue band.

The second method is a bit simpler. It’s called the Chlorophyll Absorption Ratio Index (CARI).

CARI eqn Let’s see how simple it is to make these work for us!

More Resources

Load Libraries and Pre-Process the Data

New Hampshire and Southern Maine in Winter 2023
New Hampshire and Southern Maine in Winter 2023

For this episode, we will use the Landsat scene from 2023 and the seagrass beds from Casco Bay in 2022 (we’ll assume they’re close enough to 2023). Let’s start by loading terra, sf, and ggplot2.

R

library(terra)
library(sf)
library(ggplot2)
library(tidyterra)

Next, let’s load our two different data sources. We will load the rasters into one stack for ease of use. We will also load the Casco AOI and Maine State borders for use in cropping and masking down to just water.

R

# ACOLITE corrected Rrs - note, just the tifs, as the png is a thumbnail
landsat_files <- list.files(
  "data/landsat_casco/L8_OLI_2023_02_07_15_27_04_012030_L2R/",
           pattern = "tif",
           full.names = TRUE)

# Load all of the tifs
landsat_layers <- rast(landsat_files)

# give the layers better names 
names(landsat_layers) <- c("blue_443", "blue_483", "green_561")

# load our shapefile
seagrass_casco_2022 <- st_read(
  "data/maine_gov_seagrass/MaineDEP_Casco_Bay_Seagrass_2022/MaineDEP_Casco_Bay_Seagrass_2022.shp")

# Load files for processing
aoi_boundary_casco <- st_read(
  "data/maine_gov_maps/casco_aoi/casco_bay_aoi.shp")

maine_borders <- st_read(
  "data/maine_gov_maps/Maine_State_Boundary_Polygon_Feature/Maine_State_Boundary_Polygon_Feature.shp")

Exercise

  1. Look at the information about the Landsat raster and shapefiles. Are they similar or different?

  2. If we want to just look at the Casco Bay region of the Landsat data, what types of spatial operations will we have to execute to make this work?

R

describe(sources(landsat_layers))

OUTPUT

  [1] "Driver: GTiff/GeoTIFF"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
  [2] "Files: /home/runner/work/r-raster-vector-geospatial/r-raster-vector-geospatial/site/built/data/landsat_casco/L8_OLI_2023_02_07_15_27_04_012030_L2R/L8_OLI_2023_02_07_15_27_04_012030_L2W_Rrs_443.tif"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
  [3] "Size is 7891, 8001"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
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 [31] "    CS[Cartesian,2],"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
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 [33] "            ORDER[1],"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
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 [43] "Data axis to CRS axis mapping: 1,2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
 [44] "Origin = (227370.000000000000000,4902630.000000000000000)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
 [45] "Pixel Size = (30.000000000000000,-30.000000000000000)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
 [46] "Metadata:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
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[107] "  NC_GLOBAL#copy_datasets={lon,lat,sza,vza,raa,rhot_*}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[108] "  NC_GLOBAL#data_dimensions={8001,7891}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[109] "  NC_GLOBAL#data_elements=63135891"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[110] "  NC_GLOBAL#delete_acolite_output_directory=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[111] "  NC_GLOBAL#delete_acolite_run_text_files=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[112] "  NC_GLOBAL#delete_extracted_input=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[113] "  NC_GLOBAL#dem_pressure=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[114] "  NC_GLOBAL#dem_pressure_percentile=25"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[115] "  NC_GLOBAL#dem_pressure_resolved=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[116] "  NC_GLOBAL#dem_pressure_write=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[117] "  NC_GLOBAL#dem_source=copernicus30"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[118] "  NC_GLOBAL#desis_mask_ql=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[119] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_allow_lut_boundaries=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[120] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_aot_compute=min"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[121] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_aot_estimate=tiled"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[122] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_aot_fillnan=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[123] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_aot_most_common_model=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[124] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_filter_aot=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[125] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_filter_box={10,10}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[126] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_filter_percentile=50"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[127] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_filter_rhot=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[128] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_fixed_lut=ACOLITE-LUT-202110-MOD2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[129] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_intercept_pixels=200"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[130] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_interface_lut=ACOLITE-RSKY-202102-82W"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[131] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_interface_option=default"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[132] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_interface_reflectance=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[133] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_max_tile_aot=1.2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[134] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_minimum_segment_size=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[135] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_min_tile_aot=0.01"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[136] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_min_tile_cover=0.1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[137] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_model_selection=min_drmsd"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[138] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_nbands=2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[139] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_nbands_fit=2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[140] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_percentile=1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[141] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_residual_glint_correction=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[142] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_residual_glint_correction_method=default"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[143] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_residual_glint_wave_range={1500,2400}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[144] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_smooth_aot=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[145] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_smooth_box={10,10}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[146] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_spectrum_option=intercept"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[147] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_tile_dimensions={200,200}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[148] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_tile_interp_method=linear"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[149] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_tile_smoothing=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[150] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_tile_smoothing_kernel_size=3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[151] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_wave_range={400,2500}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[152] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_write_aot_550=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[153] "  NC_GLOBAL#dsf_write_tiled_parameters=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[154] "  NC_GLOBAL#eminet_fill=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[155] "  NC_GLOBAL#eminet_fill_dilate=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[156] "  NC_GLOBAL#eminet_model_version=20220809"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[157] "  NC_GLOBAL#eminet_netname=Net2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[158] "  NC_GLOBAL#eminet_water_fill=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[159] "  NC_GLOBAL#eminet_water_threshold=0.0215"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[160] "  NC_GLOBAL#export_cloud_optimized_geotiff=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[161] "  NC_GLOBAL#export_geotiff_coordinates=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[162] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_alpha_weighted=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[163] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_fixed_aerosol_reflectance=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[164] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_fixed_aerosol_reflectance_percentile=5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[165] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_fixed_epsilon=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[166] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_fixed_epsilon_percentile=50"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[167] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_output_intermediate=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[168] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_swir_threshold=0.0215"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[169] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_wave1=1600"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[170] "  NC_GLOBAL#exp_wave2=2200"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[171] "  NC_GLOBAL#extend_region=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[172] "  NC_GLOBAL#flag_exponent_cirrus=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[173] "  NC_GLOBAL#flag_exponent_mixed=5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[174] "  NC_GLOBAL#flag_exponent_negative=3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[175] "  NC_GLOBAL#flag_exponent_outofscene=4"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[176] "  NC_GLOBAL#flag_exponent_swir=0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[177] "  NC_GLOBAL#flag_exponent_toa=2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[178] "  NC_GLOBAL#gains=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[179] "  NC_GLOBAL#gains_parameter=radiance"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[180] "  NC_GLOBAL#gains_toa={1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[181] "  NC_GLOBAL#ged_fill=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[182] "  NC_GLOBAL#generated_by=ACOLITE"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[183] "  NC_GLOBAL#generated_on=2024-01-09 13:09:08 PST"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[184] "  NC_GLOBAL#geometry_fixed_footprint=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[185] "  NC_GLOBAL#geometry_override=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[186] "  NC_GLOBAL#geometry_per_band=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[187] "  NC_GLOBAL#geometry_res=60"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[188] "  NC_GLOBAL#geometry_type=grids_footprint"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[189] "  NC_GLOBAL#gf_reproject_to_utm=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[190] "  NC_GLOBAL#glint_mask_rhos_threshold=0.05"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[191] "  NC_GLOBAL#glint_mask_rhos_wave=1600"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[192] "  NC_GLOBAL#glint_write_rhog_all=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[193] "  NC_GLOBAL#glint_write_rhog_ref=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[194] "  NC_GLOBAL#global_dims={8001,7891}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[195] "  NC_GLOBAL#inputfile=/Users/Meredith/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-meredith.mcpherson@umb.edu/My Drive/UMB/acolite_for_Jarrett/L1_LC08_L1TP_012030_20230207_20230217_02_T1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[196] "  NC_GLOBAL#isodate=2023-02-07T15:27:04.4876930Z"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[197] "  NC_GLOBAL#K1_CONSTANT_BAND_10=774.8853"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[198] "  NC_GLOBAL#K1_CONSTANT_BAND_11=480.8883"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[199] "  NC_GLOBAL#K2_CONSTANT_BAND_10=1321.0789"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[200] "  NC_GLOBAL#K2_CONSTANT_BAND_11=1201.1442"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[201] "  NC_GLOBAL#l1r_crop=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[202] "  NC_GLOBAL#l1r_delete_netcdf=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[203] "  NC_GLOBAL#l1r_export_geotiff=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[204] "  NC_GLOBAL#l1r_export_geotiff_rgb=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[205] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2r_delete_netcdf=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[206] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2r_export_geotiff=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[207] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2r_export_geotiff_rgb=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[208] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2r_pans_delete_netcdf=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[209] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2t_delete_netcdf=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[210] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2t_export_geotiff=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[211] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_data_in_memory=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[212] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_delete_netcdf=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[213] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_export_geotiff=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[214] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[215] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_cirrus=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[216] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_cirrus_threshold=0.005"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[217] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_cirrus_wave=1373"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[218] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_high_toa=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[219] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_high_toa_threshold=0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[220] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_high_toa_wave_range={400,2500}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[221] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_mixed=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[222] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_negative_rhow=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[223] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_negative_wave_range={400,900}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[224] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_smooth=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[225] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_smooth_sigma=3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[226] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_threshold=0.0215"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[227] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_water_parameters=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[228] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_mask_wave=1600"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[229] "  NC_GLOBAL#l2w_parameters={rhos_*,rhow_*,Rrs_*,l2w_export_geotiff=True,l2r_export_geotiff=True}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[230] "  NC_GLOBAL#landsat_qa_bands={PIXEL,RADSAT,SATURATION}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[231] "  NC_GLOBAL#landsat_qa_output=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[232] "  NC_GLOBAL#luts={ACOLITE-LUT-202110-MOD1,ACOLITE-LUT-202110-MOD2}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[233] "  NC_GLOBAL#luts_pressures={500,750,1013,1100}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[234] "  NC_GLOBAL#luts_reduce_dimensions=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[235] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_auto_range=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[236] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_auto_range_percentiles={1,99}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[237] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_cartopy=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[238] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_colorbar=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[239] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_colorbar_orientation=vertical"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[240] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_default_colormap=viridis"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[241] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_dpi=300"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[242] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_ext=png"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[243] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_fill_color=LightGrey"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[244] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_fill_outrange=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[245] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_fontname=sans-serif"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[246] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_fontsize=12"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[247] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_gridline_color=white"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[248] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_l2w=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[249] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_mask=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[250] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_pcolormesh=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[251] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_projected=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[252] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_raster=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[253] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_scalebar=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[254] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_scalebar_color=Black"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[255] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_scalebar_max_fraction=0.33"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[256] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_scalebar_position=UL"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[257] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_title=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[258] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_usetex=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[259] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_xtick_rotation=0.0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[260] "  NC_GLOBAL#map_ytick_rotation=0.0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[261] "  NC_GLOBAL#merge_tiles=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[262] "  NC_GLOBAL#merge_zones=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[263] "  NC_GLOBAL#metadata_profile=beam"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[264] "  NC_GLOBAL#metadata_version=0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[265] "  NC_GLOBAL#min_tgas_aot=0.85"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[266] "  NC_GLOBAL#min_tgas_rho=0.7"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[267] "  NC_GLOBAL#mus=0.4690880680561129"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[268] "  NC_GLOBAL#nechad_max_rhow_C_factor=0.5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[269] "  NC_GLOBAL#nechad_range={600,900}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[270] "  NC_GLOBAL#netcdf_compression=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[271] "  NC_GLOBAL#netcdf_compression_level=4"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[272] "  NC_GLOBAL#netcdf_discretisation=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[273] "  NC_GLOBAL#netcdf_projection=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[274] "  NC_GLOBAL#offsets=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[275] "  NC_GLOBAL#ofile=/Users/Meredith/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-meredith.mcpherson@umb.edu/My Drive/UMB/acolite_for_Jarrett/acolite_output/L8_OLI_2023_02_07_15_27_04_012030_L2W.nc"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[276] "  NC_GLOBAL#oname=L8_OLI_2023_02_07_15_27_04_012030"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[277] "  NC_GLOBAL#output=/Users/Meredith/Library/CloudStorage/GoogleDrive-meredith.mcpherson@umb.edu/My Drive/UMB/acolite_for_Jarrett/acolite_output"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[278] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_bt=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[279] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_geolocation=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[280] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_geometry=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[281] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_lt=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[282] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[283] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_epsilon=0.0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[284] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_filldistance=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[285] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_fillnans=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[286] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_metres=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[287] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_neighbours=32"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[288] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_radius=3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[289] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_resampling_method=bilinear"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[290] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_projection_resolution_align=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[291] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_rhorc=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[292] "  NC_GLOBAL#output_xy=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[293] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[294] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans_bgr={480,560,655}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[295] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans_export_geotiff_rgb=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[296] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans_method=panr"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[297] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans_output=rgb"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[298] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans_rgb_rhos=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[299] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans_rgb_rhot=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[300] "  NC_GLOBAL#pans_sensors={L7_ETM,L8_OLI,L9_OLI}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[301] "  NC_GLOBAL#pan_dims={16002,15782}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[302] "  NC_GLOBAL#pixel_size={30,-30}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[303] "  NC_GLOBAL#planet_store_sr=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[304] "  NC_GLOBAL#pleiades_skip_pan=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[305] "  NC_GLOBAL#polygon_limit=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[306] "  NC_GLOBAL#polylakes=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[307] "  NC_GLOBAL#polylakes_database=worldlakes"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[308] "  NC_GLOBAL#pressure=1013.25"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[309] "  NC_GLOBAL#pressure_default=1013.25"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[310] "  NC_GLOBAL#prisma_output_pan=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[311] "  NC_GLOBAL#prisma_rhot_per_pixel_sza=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[312] "  NC_GLOBAL#prisma_store_l2c=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[313] "  NC_GLOBAL#prisma_store_l2c_separate_file=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[314] "  NC_GLOBAL#product_type=NetCDF"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[315] "  NC_GLOBAL#proj4_string=+proj=utm +zone=19 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[316] "  NC_GLOBAL#projection_key=transverse_mercator"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[317] "  NC_GLOBAL#raa=39.14653566267489"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[318] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_bratio_option=percentile"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[319] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_bratio_percentile=1.0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[320] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_expand_edge=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[321] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_expand_method=mirror"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[322] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_fft_stack=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[323] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_initial_aot=0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[324] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_mask_edges=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[325] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_psf_complete_method=neighborhood"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[326] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_psf_radius=3.5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[327] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_psf_rescale=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[328] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_write_rhoe=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[329] "  NC_GLOBAL#radcor_write_rhot=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[330] "  NC_GLOBAL#reproject_before_ac=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[331] "  NC_GLOBAL#reproject_inputfile=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[332] "  NC_GLOBAL#reproject_inputfile_dem=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[333] "  NC_GLOBAL#reproject_inputfile_force=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[334] "  NC_GLOBAL#reproject_outputs={L1R,L2R,L2W}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[335] "  NC_GLOBAL#resolved_geometry=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[336] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_autoscale=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[337] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_autoscale_percentiles={5,95}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[338] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_blue_wl=480"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[339] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_gamma={1,1,1}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[340] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_green_wl=560"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[341] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_max={0.15,0.15,0.15}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[342] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_min={0,0,0}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[343] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_red_wl=650"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[344] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_rhorc=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[345] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_rhos=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[346] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_rhot=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[347] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_rhow=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[348] "  NC_GLOBAL#rgb_stretch=linear"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[349] "  NC_GLOBAL#runid=20240109_125219"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[350] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_dilate_blackfill=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[351] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_dilate_blackfill_iterations=2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[352] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_include_auxillary=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[353] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_project_auxillary=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[354] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_target_res=10"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[355] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_write_dfoo=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[356] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_write_saa=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[357] "  NC_GLOBAL#s2_write_vaa=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[358] "  NC_GLOBAL#saa=155.12723673"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[359] "  NC_GLOBAL#scene_dims={8001,7891}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[360] "  NC_GLOBAL#scene_download=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[361] "  NC_GLOBAL#scene_pixel_size={30,-30}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[362] "  NC_GLOBAL#scene_proj4_string=+proj=utm +zone=19 +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[363] "  NC_GLOBAL#scene_xrange={227385,464115}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[364] "  NC_GLOBAL#scene_yrange={4902615,4662585}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[365] "  NC_GLOBAL#scene_zone=19"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[366] "  NC_GLOBAL#sensor=L8_OLI"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[367] "  NC_GLOBAL#se_distance=0.9862333"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[368] "  NC_GLOBAL#slicing=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[369] "  NC_GLOBAL#smile_correction=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[370] "  NC_GLOBAL#smile_correction_tgas=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[371] "  NC_GLOBAL#solar_irradiance_reference=Coddington2021_1_0nm"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[372] "  NC_GLOBAL#sza=62.02488267"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[373] "  NC_GLOBAL#sza_limit=79.999"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[374] "  NC_GLOBAL#sza_limit_replace=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[375] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_emissivity=water"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[376] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_map=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[377] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_output_atmosphere=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[378] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_output_intermediate=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[379] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_profile_source=era5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[380] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_range={3.5,14}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[381] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_reptran=medium"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
[382] "  NC_GLOBAL#tact_run=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[383] "  NC_GLOBAL#thermal_bands={10,11}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[384] "  NC_GLOBAL#thermal_sensor=L8_TIRS"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[385] "  NC_GLOBAL#tile_code=012030"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[386] "  NC_GLOBAL#uoz=0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[387] "  NC_GLOBAL#uoz_default=0.3"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[388] "  NC_GLOBAL#use_gdal_merge_import=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[389] "  NC_GLOBAL#use_supplied_ancillary=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[390] "  NC_GLOBAL#use_tpg=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[391] "  NC_GLOBAL#uwv=1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[392] "  NC_GLOBAL#uwv_default=1.5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[393] "  NC_GLOBAL#vaa=194.2737723926749"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[394] "  NC_GLOBAL#verbosity=5"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[395] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_mask_immixed=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[396] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_mask_immixed_bands=I03/M10"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[397] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_mask_immixed_dif=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[398] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_mask_immixed_maxdif=0.002"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[399] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_mask_immixed_maxrat=0.2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[400] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_mask_immixed_rat=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[401] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_mask_mband=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[402] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_option=img+mod"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[403] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_output_tir=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[404] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_output_tir_lt=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[405] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_quality_flags={4,8,512,1024,2048,4096}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[406] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_scanline_projection=True"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[407] "  NC_GLOBAL#viirs_scanline_width=32"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[408] "  NC_GLOBAL#vza=0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[409] "  NC_GLOBAL#vza_limit=71.999"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[410] "  NC_GLOBAL#vza_limit_replace=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[411] "  NC_GLOBAL#wind=2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[412] "  NC_GLOBAL#wind_default=2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[413] "  NC_GLOBAL#worldview_reproject=False"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[414] "  NC_GLOBAL#worldview_reproject_method=nearest"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[415] "  NC_GLOBAL#worldview_reproject_resolution=2"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[416] "  NC_GLOBAL#wrs_path=12"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[417] "  NC_GLOBAL#wrs_row=30"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[418] "  NC_GLOBAL#xdim=7891"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[419] "  NC_GLOBAL#xrange={227370,464100}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[420] "  NC_GLOBAL#ydim=8001"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[421] "  NC_GLOBAL#yrange={4902630,4662600}"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[422] "  NC_GLOBAL#zone=19"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[423] "  Rrs_443#dataset=rhos"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[424] "  Rrs_443#grid_mapping=transverse_mercator"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[425] "  Rrs_443#long_name=Surface reflectance"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[426] "  Rrs_443#parameter=Rrs_443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[427] "  Rrs_443#rhos_ds=rhos_443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[428] "  Rrs_443#rhot_ds=rhot_443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[429] "  Rrs_443#standard_name=surface_bidirectional_reflectance"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[430] "  Rrs_443#tt_ch4=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[431] "  Rrs_443#tt_co2=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[432] "  Rrs_443#tt_gas=0.9972927231155655"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[433] "  Rrs_443#tt_h2o=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[434] "  Rrs_443#tt_n2o=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[435] "  Rrs_443#tt_o2=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[436] "  Rrs_443#tt_o3=0.9972927231155655"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[437] "  Rrs_443#units=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[438] "  Rrs_443#wavelength=442.9822110780657"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[439] "  Rrs_443#wave_mu=0.4429822110780657"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[440] "  Rrs_443#wave_name=443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[441] "  Rrs_443#wave_nm=442.9822110780657"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[442] "  transverse_mercator#crs_wkt=PROJCRS[\"unknown\",BASEGEOGCRS[\"unknown\",DATUM[\"World Geodetic System 1984\",ELLIPSOID[\"WGS 84\",6378137,298.257223563,LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1]],ID[\"EPSG\",6326]],PRIMEM[\"Greenwich\",0,ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],ID[\"EPSG\",8901]]],CONVERSION[\"UTM zone 19N\",METHOD[\"Transverse Mercator\",ID[\"EPSG\",9807]],PARAMETER[\"Latitude of natural origin\",0,ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],ID[\"EPSG\",8801]],PARAMETER[\"Longitude of natural origin\",-69,ANGLEUNIT[\"degree\",0.0174532925199433],ID[\"EPSG\",8802]],PARAMETER[\"Scale factor at natural origin\",0.9996,SCALEUNIT[\"unity\",1],ID[\"EPSG\",8805]],PARAMETER[\"False easting\",500000,LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],ID[\"EPSG\",8806]],PARAMETER[\"False northing\",0,LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1],ID[\"EPSG\",8807]],ID[\"EPSG\",16019]],CS[Cartesian,2],AXIS[\"(E)\",east,ORDER[1],LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1,ID[\"EPSG\",9001]]],AXIS[\"(N)\",north,ORDER[2],LENGTHUNIT[\"metre\",1,ID[\"EPSG\",9001]]]]"
[443] "  transverse_mercator#false_easting=500000"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[444] "  transverse_mercator#false_northing=0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[445] "  transverse_mercator#geographic_crs_name=unknown"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[446] "  transverse_mercator#grid_mapping_name=transverse_mercator"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[447] "  transverse_mercator#horizontal_datum_name=World Geodetic System 1984"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[448] "  transverse_mercator#inverse_flattening=298.257223563"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
[449] "  transverse_mercator#latitude_of_projection_origin=0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[450] "  transverse_mercator#longitude_of_central_meridian=-69"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[451] "  transverse_mercator#longitude_of_prime_meridian=0"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[452] "  transverse_mercator#prime_meridian_name=Greenwich"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[453] "  transverse_mercator#projected_crs_name=unknown"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[454] "  transverse_mercator#reference_ellipsoid_name=WGS 84"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[455] "  transverse_mercator#scale_factor_at_central_meridian=0.9996"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[456] "  transverse_mercator#semi_major_axis=6378137"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[457] "  transverse_mercator#semi_minor_axis=6356752.314245179"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
[458] "  x#long_name=x coordinate of projection"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[459] "  x#standard_name=projection_x_coordinate"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[460] "  x#units=m"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[461] "  y#long_name=y coordinate of projection"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
[462] "  y#standard_name=projection_y_coordinate"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[463] "  y#units=m"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[464] "Image Structure Metadata:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[465] "  INTERLEAVE=BAND"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[466] "Corner Coordinates:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[467] "Upper Left  (  227370.000, 4902630.000) ( 72d24'48.22\"W, 44d13'33.20\"N)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[468] "Lower Left  (  227370.000, 4662600.000) ( 72d17'42.95\"W, 42d 4' 5.38\"N)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[469] "Upper Right (  464100.000, 4902630.000) ( 69d26'59.52\"W, 44d16'33.71\"N)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[470] "Lower Right (  464100.000, 4662600.000) ( 69d26' 3.35\"W, 42d 6'52.84\"N)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[471] "Center      (  345735.000, 4782615.000) ( 70d53'53.42\"W, 43d10'50.02\"N)"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       
[472] "Band 1 Block=7891x1 Type=Float32, ColorInterp=Gray"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[473] "  NoData Value=nan"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
[474] "  Unit Type: 1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[475] "  Metadata:"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[476] "    dataset=rhos"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[477] "    grid_mapping=transverse_mercator"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[478] "    long_name=Surface reflectance"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[479] "    NETCDF_VARNAME=Rrs_443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
[480] "    parameter=Rrs_443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
[481] "    rhos_ds=rhos_443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[482] "    rhot_ds=rhot_443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
[483] "    standard_name=surface_bidirectional_reflectance"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
[484] "    tt_ch4=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[485] "    tt_co2=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[486] "    tt_gas=0.9972927231155655"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
[487] "    tt_h2o=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[488] "    tt_n2o=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[489] "    tt_o2=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[490] "    tt_o3=0.9972927231155655"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
[491] "    units=1"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[492] "    wavelength=442.9822110780657"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
[493] "    wave_mu=0.4429822110780657"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
[494] "    wave_name=443"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
[495] "    wave_nm=442.9822110780657"                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

R

seagrass_casco_2022

OUTPUT

Simple feature collection with 622 features and 15 fields
Geometry type: POLYGON
Dimension:     XY
Bounding box:  xmin: -70.24464 ymin: 43.57213 xmax: -69.84399 ymax: 43.93221
Geodetic CRS:  WGS 84
First 10 features:
   OBJECTID Id Name       Acres   Hectares Orth_Cover Cover_Pct Field_Ver
1         1  1   01  0.04456005 0.01803281          1      0-10         Y
2         2  4   02  0.06076669 0.02459141          3     40-70         Y
3         3  6   03  2.56218247 1.03687846          3     40-70         Y
4         4  8   05  0.71816162 0.29062970          3     40-70         Y
5         5  9   06  0.01815022 0.00734513          3     40-70         Y
6         6 10   07  0.33051475 0.13375458          3     40-70         Y
7         7 11   08  0.08088664 0.03273366          1      0-10         Y
8         8 13   09  0.66689055 0.26988103          1      0-10         Y
9         9 14   10  0.03080650 0.01246695          3     40-70         Y
10       10 15   11 12.54074080 5.07505774          4    70-100         Y
   Video_YN                          Video Comment        Species
1         Y                            A03    <NA> Zostera marina
2         Y                            A04    <NA> Zostera marina
3         Y                            A05    <NA> Zostera marina
4         Y                            A07    <NA> Zostera marina
5         Y                            A08    <NA> Zostera marina
6         Y                            A09    <NA> Zostera marina
7         Y                            A10    <NA> Zostera marina
8         Y                            A11    <NA> Zostera marina
9         Y                            A12    <NA> Zostera marina
10        Y A14, A15, A16, A17, SP07, SP08    <NA> Zostera marina
                                 GlobalID  ShapeSTAre ShapeSTLen
1  {7CAB9D54-4BF9-4B91-94D6-4F0EA4AD53C1}   180.32842  102.57257
2  {D5396F39-D508-45CB-BFE0-13A506D4E94C}   245.91500   84.35420
3  {3C1ED4DC-6580-4CAC-9499-32D445019068} 10368.78375  719.04025
4  {6C1395B8-F532-46C6-AFBA-23B14C2F2E02}  2906.29561  315.88722
5  {EDEDAFA1-8605-4FAC-910F-E6E864F51209}    73.45108   34.00204
6  {820DE3B5-BA6E-4415-A110-95F9F94A4F1C}  1337.54527  165.98655
7  {E4E2A155-7B1C-46C3-94B5-6D0E58B1FEBB}   327.33664  112.52478
8  {C7FEF8AC-9BA7-429C-A45B-270E836FBBA1}  2698.81099  295.01388
9  {356C58A4-DB72-445F-83DA-1035C8EAE917}   124.66947   43.47523
10 {C797140E-F9CB-4EA0-9D7C-FBEA50FE9EB2} 50750.58217 1949.02908
                         geometry
1  POLYGON ((-70.20081 43.5722...
2  POLYGON ((-70.20228 43.5869...
3  POLYGON ((-70.20858 43.5909...
4  POLYGON ((-70.21488 43.5924...
5  POLYGON ((-70.21499 43.5931...
6  POLYGON ((-70.21582 43.5963...
7  POLYGON ((-70.21618 43.5964...
8  POLYGON ((-70.21641 43.5971...
9  POLYGON ((-70.21498 43.6063...
10 POLYGON ((-70.22445 43.6425...

Different in CRS and extent. We will have to project and crop.

So, we have to get Landsat into the same CRS as our Maine data. We will then have to crop it down to the Casco region. This is actually one of those cases where it will be faster to reproject the vectors than the raster for the cropping.

R

aoi_boundary_casco_projected <- st_transform(aoi_boundary_casco,
                                             crs(landsat_layers))

landsat_layers_casco <- crop(landsat_layers,
                             aoi_boundary_casco_projected)

landsat_layers_casco <- project(landsat_layers_casco, 
                                crs(seagrass_casco_2022))

Masking Out Land with a Vector


Let’s see what we have after the cropping.

R

ggplot() +
  geom_spatraster(data = landsat_layers_casco) +
  facet_wrap(~lyr) +
  scale_fill_distiller(palette = "Greys")

This is neat, but…… it’s dominated by the land. We want to mask the land. Otherwise, the signal is going to be dominated by land and not sea. Fortunately, we can use the coastline of the state from the maine shapefile with mask(). By default, mask keeps what is IN polygons. So we will need to use the argument inverse = TRUE. We also need our coastline to have the same extent as our raster, so, we’ll need to crop it first.

We will also recrop to the AOI again, as our previous crop leaves some cruft around the edges.

R

casco_coastline <- st_crop(maine_borders |> st_make_valid(), 
                           aoi_boundary_casco) 

# mask and crop
landsat_layers_casco_bay <- mask(landsat_layers_casco,
                                 casco_coastline,
                                 inverse = TRUE) |> 
  crop(aoi_boundary_casco)

Did it blend?

R

ggplot() +
  geom_spatraster(data = landsat_layers_casco_bay ) +
  facet_wrap(~lyr) +
  scale_fill_distiller(palette = "Greys", na.value = NA)

This looks great. There are still some really really high and low values. We might want to figure out a threshold for clamping. Looking at the histogram below, something like 0.02 for the upper seems reasonable. We will use values=FALSE to just remove very high values and make them NA.

R

# what do things look like?
hist(landsat_layers_casco_bay, breaks = 100, xlim = c(0,0.02))

R

#we include lower and upper for good measure
landsat_layers_casco_bay <- clamp(landsat_layers_casco_bay,
                                   lower = 0,
                                   upper = 0.02,
                                   value = FALSE)

Replot it, and, wow, you can really start to see some variability

Two Ways to Perform Raster Calculations


We can calculate with rasters in two different ways:

  • by directly using the rasters in R using raster math

or for more efficient processing - particularly if our rasters are large and/or the calculations we are performing are complex:

  • using the lapp() function.

Raster Math & CARI


We can perform raster calculations by subtracting (or adding, multiplying, etc) two rasters. In the geospatial world, we call this “raster math”.

Let’s calculate (green - blue)/(green + blue) to get our CARI score. After doing this, let’s plot with ggplot.

R

casco_cari <- (landsat_layers_casco_bay$green_561 - landsat_layers_casco_bay$blue_483) /
  (landsat_layers_casco_bay$green_561 + landsat_layers_casco_bay$blue_483) 
  
names(casco_cari) <- "CARI"

ggplot() +
  geom_spatraster(data = casco_cari) +
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  labs(fill = "CARI")

Let’s have a look at the distribution of values in our newly created CARI Model (CHM).

R

hist(casco_cari,
     maxcell = ncell(casco_cari))

We are definitely starting to see some coastal features here, although whether it is chlorophyll or just coastal runoff is unclear.

Challenge: Explore CHM Raster Values

It’s often a good idea to explore the range of values in a raster dataset just like we might explore a dataset that we collected in the field. Or the spatial distribution to see if it lines up with expectations.

  1. Zoom in on an island (Mackworth if you like). What does the spatial distribution look like? Use ggplot2 or leaflet.

  2. Overlay the seagrass bed shapefile. What do you see?

  1. Zooming in, some of the highest values are close to shorelines.

R

library(leaflet)

leaflet() |>
  addTiles() |>
  addRasterImage(x = casco_cari)

R

library(leaflet)

pal <- colorNumeric("viridis", values(casco_cari), na.color = NA)

leaflet() |>
  addTiles() |>
  addRasterImage(x = casco_cari,
                 colors = pal) |>
  addPolygons(data = seagrass_casco_2022,
               color = "black",
               weight = 1) |>
  addLegend(pal = pal, values = values(casco_cari))

Efficient Raster Calculations


Raster math, like we just did, is an appropriate approach to raster calculations if:

  1. The rasters we are using are small in size.
  2. The calculations we are performing are simple.

However, raster math is a less efficient approach as computation becomes more complex or as file sizes become large.

The lapp() function takes two or more rasters and applies a function to them using efficient processing methods. The syntax is

outputRaster <- lapp(x, fun=functionName)

In which raster can be either a SpatRaster or a SpatRasterDataset which is an object that holds rasters. See help(sds).

If you have a raster, stack, you can instead use app()

outputRaster <- app(x, fun=functionName)

Data Tip

To create a SpatRasterDataset, we call the function sds which can take a list of raster objects (each one created by calling rast).

Let’s perform the chla calculation that we calculated above using raster math, using the app() function.

Data Tip

A custom function consists of a defined set of commands performed on a input object. Custom functions are particularly useful for tasks that need to be repeated over and over in the code. A simplified syntax for writing a custom function in R is: function_name <- function(variable1, variable2) { WhatYouWantDone, WhatToReturn}

R

get_chl <- function(rast_stack){
  
  #eqn 3.1
  x <- log10(max(rast_stack[1], rast_stack[2])/rast_stack[3])
  
  #eqn 3.2
  10^(0.30963 + -2.40052*x + 1.28932*x^2 + 0.52802*x^3 + -1.33825*x^4) 
  }

casco_chla <- app(landsat_layers_casco_bay, 
                    fun = get_chl)

names(casco_chla) <- "chla"

Now we can plot the CHLa:

R

 ggplot() +
   geom_spatraster(data = casco_chla) + 
  scale_fill_viridis_c() +
  labs(fill = "Chl a")

How do the plots of the CHM created with manual raster math and the lapp() function compare?

Challenge: Explore CHM Raster Values

How does Chla compare to CARI? Check it out with leaflet()

Qualitatively, they look about the same!

R

library(leaflet)

pal_chl <- colorNumeric("viridis", values(casco_chla), na.color = NA)

leaflet() |>
  addTiles() |>
  addRasterImage(x = casco_chla,
                 colors = pal_chl) |>
  addPolygons(data = seagrass_casco_2022,
               color = "black",
               weight = 2,
              fill = NA) |>
  addLegend(pal = pal_chl, values = values(casco_chla))

Export a GeoTIFF


Now that we’ve created a new raster, let’s export the data as a GeoTIFF file using the writeRaster() function.

When we write this raster object to a GeoTIFF file we’ll name it casco_cari.tif. This name allows us to quickly remember both what the data contains (CARI data) and for where (Casco bay). The writeRaster() function by default writes the output file to your working directory unless you specify a full file path.

We will specify the output format (“GTiff”), the no data value NAflag = -9999. We will also tell R to overwrite any data that is already in a file of the same name.

R

writeRaster(casco_cari, "data/casco_cari.tif",
            filetype="GTiff",
            overwrite=TRUE,
            NAflag=-9999)

writeRaster() Options

The function arguments that we used above include:

  • filetype: specify that the format will be GTiff or GeoTIFF.
  • overwrite: If TRUE, R will overwrite any existing file with the same name in the specified directory. USE THIS SETTING WITH CAUTION!
  • NAflag: set the GeoTIFF tag for NoDataValue to -9999, the National Ecological Observatory Network’s (NEON) standard NoDataValue.

Key Points

  • Rasters can be computed on using mathematical functions.
  • The lapp() and app() function provides an efficient way to do raster math.
  • The writeRaster() function can be used to write raster data to a file.